NAD+
- Fat loss & metabolism
- Longevity & anti-ageing
- Focus & brain health
- Inflammation & immunity
The coenzyme every cell already runs on, not a peptide — studied for everyday energy, insulin sensitivity and the NAD+ that falls away with age.
Read the published research →A metabolic cofactor present in every cell, not a peptide. It has no approved therapeutic use; most human research concerns its oral precursors, and the fate of NAD+ given directly to people has been characterised in one small intravenous pilot.
Full note and sourcesWhat NAD+ does
NAD+ is a cofactor rather than a drug or a peptide: it shuttles energy through metabolism while sirtuins, PARPs, CD38 and SARM1 consume it, so the supply is rebuilt continuously, and it falls with age — a decline shown chiefly in rodents, and the observation that drives the interest. Which molecule you take matters, because almost everything called NAD+ research in humans is about the oral precursors rather than the dinucleotide: nicotinamide riboside raised whole-blood NAD+ by 22%, 51% and 142% across dose groups within two weeks in 140 healthy overweight adults, and nicotinamide mononucleotide raised insulin-stimulated muscle glucose disposal 25% from baseline in 25 prediabetic postmenopausal women while placebo did not move. NAD+ itself, infused, has been followed once — in 8 men against 3 on saline, plasma did not move for the first two hours, then sat about 398% above baseline at six hours with cleavage products appearing in urine, so raising a blood reading and restoring NAD+ inside a tissue are not the same claim. The precursors do not deliver everywhere either: a 12-week trial in 40 obese, insulin-resistant men found no improvement over placebo on insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure or body composition, and a 2025 meta-analysis found no effect on muscle mass, grip strength or gait speed in adults over 60. Tolerability is good — no moderate or severe adverse events at the highest precursor dose yet tested in a controlled trial, mild events no more common than placebo, and no flushing at any dose.
- Everyday energy and fatigue
- Healthy ageing and cellular repair
- Mental clarity and focus
- Blood-sugar handling and insulin sensitivity
- Restoring NAD+ that falls with age
- Recovery after heavy travel or hard training
Common areas of interest, not measured results. The findings below are the published data.
In a pilot in 11 healthy men aged 30-55 (8 given 750 mg NAD+ intravenously over 6 hours, 3 given saline), plasma NAD+ and its metabolites did not change for the first 2 hours, indicating essentially complete removal from plasma; NAD+ was then about 398% above baseline at 6 hours and still raised at 8 hours versus saline. NAD+ and methylnicotinamide, but not nicotinamide, appeared in urine by 6 hours.5
In a 10-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 25 postmenopausal women with prediabetes who were overweight or obese, insulin-stimulated muscle glucose disposal on hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp rose 25 ± 7% from baseline with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (250 mg/day, n = 13, p < 0.01) and did not change with placebo (n = 12). Hepatic and adipose insulin sensitivity, body composition, muscle mitochondrial respiration and physical function were unchanged, as was muscle NAD+ content.13
In a 12-week randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial in 40 obese, insulin-resistant men aged 40-70, nicotinamide riboside 2,000 mg per day produced no improvement over placebo in clamp-measured insulin sensitivity, endogenous glucose production, glucose disposal or oxidation, resting energy expenditure, lipolysis, lipid oxidation or body composition.14
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